Living things around us
Key Notes :
1. Definition of Living Things
- Living things are organisms that show all the characteristics of life.
- They need food, water, air, and a suitable environment to survive and grow.
- They can move, grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, and have a lifespan.
2. Characteristics of Living Things
- Movement: Living things move by themselves (e.g., animals walk, plants grow towards light).
- Respiration: They breathe and exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
- Growth: Living things grow and develop over time.
- Reproduction: They can reproduce to produce offspring.
- Sensitivity: They respond to changes in their environment (e.g., animals react to sound or light).
- Excretion: They eliminate waste products from their bodies (e.g., animals excrete urine).
- Nutrition: Living things take in food and convert it into energy (plants use photosynthesis, animals eat food).
3. Types of Living Things
- Plants: They make their own food through photosynthesis. Examples include trees, flowers, and shrubs.
- Animals: They cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for nutrition. Examples include humans, dogs, and birds.
- Microorganisms: These are tiny organisms that can only be seen under a microscope. Examples include bacteria, fungi, and algae.
4. Habitats of Living Things
- Living things exist in different habitats such as forests, oceans, deserts, and grasslands.
- Each habitat provides the necessary conditions for survival, such as food, water, and shelter.
- Organisms are adapted to their habitats, meaning they have special features that help them survive.
5. Interdependence of Living Things
- Different living things depend on each other in ecosystems (e.g., plants provide oxygen, and animals release carbon dioxide).
- Food chains illustrate how living things depend on one another for food.
6. Importance of Living Things
- Living things maintain the balance of ecosystems by recycling nutrients and oxygen.
- Humans depend on plants and animals for food, medicine, and other resources.
7. Conservation of Living Things
- Many species are at risk of extinction due to pollution, deforestation, and climate change.
- Conservation efforts help protect endangered species and their habitats.
8. Examples of Living Things
- Plants: Sunflower, mango tree, cactus.
- Animals: Elephant, frog, parrot, whale.
- Microorganisms: Bacteria, yeast, mold.
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