Root

Key Notes :

1. Introduction to Roots

  • Definition: Roots are the underground part of a plant that anchor it in the soil and absorb water and nutrients.
  • Importance: Roots are essential for the survival of the plant as they provide stability and nourishment.

2. Types of Roots

  • Taproot System:
    • Features a main root that grows deep into the soil with smaller lateral roots branching off.
    • Common in dicots (e.g., carrots, radishes).
  • Fibrous Root System:
    • Consists of many small roots that spread out in the soil, with no single dominant root.
    • Common in monocots (e.g., grass, wheat).

3. Functions of Roots

  • Absorption: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, which are essential for plant growth.
  • Anchorage: Roots anchor the plant firmly in the ground, preventing it from being uprooted by wind or water.
  • Storage: Some roots store food and nutrients (e.g., sweet potatoes, beets).
  • Transportation: Roots transport absorbed water and nutrients to the stem and other parts of the plant.

4. Root Modifications

  • Storage Roots: Modified to store food, e.g., carrots, sweet potatoes.
  • Aerial Roots: Grow above the ground, e.g., roots of banyan trees.
  • Prop Roots: Provide extra support to the plant, e.g., roots of mangrove trees.

5. Root Hairs

  • Definition: Tiny hair-like structures that increase the surface area for absorption.
  • Function: Enhance the plant’s ability to absorb more water and nutrients.

6. Root Growth

  • Growth Pattern: Roots grow downwards due to gravity (geotropism) and towards moisture (hydrotropism).
  • Root Cap: The tip of the root is covered by a root cap, which protects it as it pushes through the soil.

7. Role in Soil Health

  • Soil Stabilization: Roots help prevent soil erosion by holding the soil together.
  • Nutrient Cycling: Roots contribute to the cycling of nutrients within the soil ecosystem.

8. Human Uses

  • Food: Many roots are edible and provide important food sources (e.g., potatoes, beets).
  • Medicine: Some roots are used in traditional and modern medicine for their healing properties.

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