How Does Oxygen Become Available To Animals And Plants Living In Water And Soil?

Key Notes :

1. Oxygen in Water:

  • Oxygen Dissolution: Oxygen is dissolved in water from the atmosphere through the process of diffusion. Wind and waves help in mixing oxygen into the water.
  • Photosynthesis: Aquatic plants (like algae and aquatic plants) release oxygen during photosynthesis. When they absorb sunlight, they produce oxygen as a by-product and release it into the water.
  • Aquatic Animals: Fish and other aquatic animals obtain oxygen from water through gills, which extract dissolved oxygen. They constantly move water through their gills to extract oxygen.

2. Oxygen in Soil:

  • Air Pockets in Soil: Soil contains air pockets, where oxygen is available. This oxygen is necessary for plants and small soil organisms.
  • Plant Roots: Plant roots absorb oxygen from the soil to carry out respiration. This is important for the growth and survival of plants.
  • Microorganisms in Soil: Soil contains various microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) that need oxygen for their respiration. They help in decomposing organic matter, enriching the soil and making nutrients available for plants.

3. Factors Affecting Oxygen Availability:

  • Water Temperature: Warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen, while colder water can hold more oxygen. This affects aquatic life.
  • Soil Composition: Loamy soils have more air pockets and thus, more oxygen, while clayey soils have fewer air spaces, leading to less oxygen availability.
  • Plant Growth: Healthy plant growth in water and soil can help in maintaining oxygen levels by releasing oxygen during photosynthesis.

4. Oxygen and Its Importance:

  • Respiration: Oxygen is vital for respiration in both plants and animals. It is used by organisms to release energy from food.
  • Waste Decomposition: Oxygen helps in breaking down waste products in water and soil, ensuring a clean environment for living organisms.

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