What happens if it does not rain for a long period? Droughts
Key Notes :
Definition of Drought
- A drought is a prolonged period of little or no rainfall, resulting in a water shortage.
Causes of Drought
- Lack of sufficient rainfall over an extended time.
- Climate change and global warming.
- Human activities like deforestation and overuse of water resources.
Effects of Drought
- On Water Supply: Rivers, lakes, and wells dry up, leading to water scarcity.
- On Agriculture: Crops fail due to lack of water, resulting in food shortages.
- On Environment: Plants and animals suffer; habitats are destroyed.
- On People: Leads to hunger, malnutrition, and even migration to areas with more water.
- Economic Impact: Farmers and related industries face financial loss.
Signs of a Drought
- Dry soil and cracked ground.
- Wilting plants and crops.
- Low water levels in reservoirs and rivers.
Preventive Measures
- Water Conservation: Save water by fixing leaks, using water-efficient devices, and recycling water.
- Reforestation: Planting trees helps retain moisture in the soil and regulate rainfall.
- Sustainable Agriculture: Use techniques like drip irrigation to minimize water wastage.
- Rainwater Harvesting: Collect and store rainwater for future use.
Government and Community Efforts
- Create awareness about water conservation.
- Build dams and reservoirs to store water.
- Provide financial aid to affected farmers and communities.
Living with Drought
- Develop drought-resistant crops.
- Ensure access to clean drinking water.
- Encourage community participation in managing water resources.
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