Nouns Ending in -f or -fe

• General Rule: For most nouns ending in -f or -fe, change the -f or -fe to -ves to form the plural.
• Examples:
  • leaf → leaves
  • wife → wives
  • wolf → wolves
• Exceptions: Some nouns ending in -f or -fe only add an -s.
• Examples:
  • roof → roofs
  • belief → beliefs
  • chef → chefs
  • chief → chiefs

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Nouns Ending in -o

• General Rule: For nouns ending in -o, add -es to form the plural.
• Examples:
  • potato → potatoes
  • tomato → tomatoes
  • hero → heroes
  • echo → echoes
• Exceptions: Some nouns ending in -o just add an -s.
• Examples:
  • piano → pianos
  • photo → photos
  • halo → halos

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Special Cases and Irregular Plurals

• Some nouns have irregular plural forms that do not follow the typical rules.
• Examples:
  • child → children
  • foot → feet
  • tooth → teeth
  • mouse → mice