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Flagella and fimbriae are both structures that extend from bacterial cell bodies, but these structures have very different purposes.

Flagella are long whip-like structures anchored in bacteria’s cell membranes. The primary function of flagella is for cellular movement.

Fimbriae are short hair-like structures that protrude from the surface of the cell. Fimbriae allow bacterial cells to attach to surfaces, including other cells.