Trace an argument
Key notes:
š What Does It Mean to Trace an Argument?
- Tracing an argument means following the reasoning the author uses to support their point.
- Itās like being a detectiveālooking for clues (claims, reasons, and evidence) the author uses to convince the reader.
š§ Key Components of an Argument:
Claim
- The main point or opinion the author wants to prove.
- Example: “Homework is helpful for students.”
Reasons
- The why behind the claim.
- Example: “It helps students practice and remember what they learn.”
Evidence
- Facts, examples, or statistics that support the reasons.
- Example: “A study shows that students who do homework score higher on tests.”
š Steps to Trace an Argument:
Identify the Claim
- What is the author trying to prove?
Find the Reasons
- What reasons does the author give to support their claim?
Look for the Evidence
- What facts or examples are used?
Evaluate the Support
- Is the evidence strong and believable?
Check for Counterarguments
- Does the author address the other side of the argument?
š§© Helpful Tips:
Use a graphic organizer to list the claim, reasons, and evidence.
- Ask questions like:
- Is the reason clear?
Does the evidence really support the reason?
Practice with short passages or articles to get better at spotting arguments.
š Example:
Claim: We should plant more trees in our school.
Reasons:
- Trees provide shade and beauty.
- Trees help the environment.
Evidence:
- “Trees clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide.”
- “Studies show that green spaces improve student focus.”
Learn with an example
Read the text.
A Fluent Advantage
When schools go through budget cuts, foreign language classes are often placed on the chopping block. School administrators often do not understand that foreign language study is important in order to make sure that students are ready to succeed in the real world. Rather than cutting language classes, schools should be providing them for all students. Studying a foreign language strengthens students’ minds and helps prepare them for future careers. So these classes should be required in school.
Many studies have indicated that multilingual peopleāpeople who speak more than one languageāare better at certain tasks. Specifically, multilingual people have better executive functioning skills than people who speak only one language. Executive functioning is the way the brain handles all the information it’s given. When you juggle different tasks and decide which to focus on, you are using executive functioning skills. In brain scans, multilingual people show more blood flow in the areas of the brain that control executive functioning. Researchers have guessed that this advantage exists because multilingual people must constantly decide which words from which language to use. As a result, multilingual people get lots of practice with executive function. Their brains can then apply those skills to other tasks. This effect is especially strong for people who grow up speaking more than one language. The earlier students start language classes, the more they may benefit from language study.
Language skills are also in high demand on the job market. Today, more and more businesses work in many countries across the world. As businesses become global, they need people who can communicate easily across national borders. To prepare for their careers, more students should be learning foreign languages. From 2010 to 2015, the demand in the United States for workers who speak a second language more than doubled. This trend included workers of all skill levels and backgrounds.
Of course, foreign language classes should not just make students memorise new words and sounds. They must also teach students about new cultures. Foreign language classes should be required to include lessons about history, literature, customs and government along with the languages themselves. These subjects will help students become better global citizens and support their studies in other subjects.
Making students study a foreign language doesn’t just sharpen their brains. It also helps students become productive members of today’s global society.
What is the author’s main claim or argument?
- Taking a foreign language class in school should be a choice.
- Studying a foreign language should be a school requirement.
- More foreign languages classes should be offered in school.
The author gives reasons and evidence to support the claim that studying a foreign language should be a school requirement.
The author’s main claim can be found in the last two sentences of the first paragraph:
Studying a foreign language strengthens students’ minds and helps prepare them for future careers. So these classes should be required in school.
Read the text.
Brownie Points
Most people agree that brownies are delicious, but the style of brownie that is best is open to debate. Should they have nuts or no nuts? Should they be cakey or fudgy? Should they have a peanut butter swirl or be topped with icing? However, nothing inspires more debate about brownies than which part of the baking tin they come from. In this matter, at least, the correct choice is clear: brownies from the edges of the baking tin are better than centre brownies in every way imaginable.
The brownie pieces that bake along the edge of the baking tin are harder and crispier than the centre pieces. This makes them sturdy and strong enough for all your dessert needs. They are clearly the best pieces to dunk in milk because they won’t fall apart. And they stand up better in a brownie sundae, too. They can soak up the ice cream as it melts and still maintain their structure and chocolatey goodness. A weaker centre brownie wouldn’t stand a chance beneath the weight of two to three scoops of frozen dairy. The firm edge brownies also have a crust that can be used like a handle. This makes them ideal for on-the-go snacking. By contrast, a weak, gooey centre piece is much more likely to leave sticky smears of chocolate on your hand.
Plus, the edge pieces of brownies provide a better eating experience. This is because people love hearing their food crunch. Also, crunchy food is perceived to be more fresh than soft food. Like a salty potato crisp or a crisp stalk of celery, a crunchy edge brownie creates an appealing sound and feel when chewed. Furthermore, we enjoy foods more when they have a variety of textures. This is especially important with desserts, which are usually just sweet and therefore need more texture to really stand out.
If you agree that edge brownies are better, you’re in luck. When you bake brownies, you can use a special S-shaped baking tin that puts edges on every piece. And if you prefer to buy your snacks at the shop, you can now find many thin, crispy chocolate snacks that are just like brownie edges. Meanwhile, people looking for a softer brownie can stick to the centre pieces. This just leaves more of the crunchy, delicious edges for the people who want the absolute best brownie-eating experience.
What is the author’s main claim or argument?
- The edge pieces from a baking tin of brownies are better than the centre pieces.
- Brownies are best when they do not have extra things like nuts or icing.
- The most delicious and popular chocolate dessert is the brownie.
The author gives reasons and evidence to support the claim that the edge pieces from a baking tin of brownies are better than the centre pieces.
The author makes the essay’s main claim in the last sentence of the first paragraph.
In this matter, at least, the correct choice is clear: brownies from the edges of the baking tin are better than centre brownies in every way imaginable.
Let’s practice!
Read the text.
A Fluent Advantage
When schools go through budget cuts, foreign language classes are often placed on the chopping block. School administrators often do not understand that foreign language study is important in order to make sure that students are ready to succeed in the real world. Rather than cutting language classes, schools should be providing them for all students. Studying a foreign language strengthens students’ minds and helps prepare them for future careers. So these classes should be required in school.
Many studies have indicated that multilingual peopleāpeople who speak more than one languageāare better at certain tasks. Specifically, multilingual people have better executive functioning skills than people who speak only one language. Executive functioning is the way the brain handles all the information it’s given. When you juggle different tasks and decide which to focus on, you are using executive functioning skills. In brain scans, multilingual people show more blood flow in the areas of the brain that control executive functioning. Researchers have guessed that this advantage exists because multilingual people must constantly decide which words from which language to use. As a result, multilingual people get lots of practice with executive function. Their brains can then apply those skills to other tasks. This effect is especially strong for people who grow up speaking more than one language. The earlier students start language classes, the more they may benefit from language study.
Language skills are also in high demand on the job market. Today, more and more businesses work in many countries across the world. As businesses become global, they need people who can communicate easily across national borders. To prepare for their careers, more students should be learning foreign languages. From 2010 to 2015, the demand in the United States for workers who speak a second language more than doubled. This trend included workers of all skill levels and backgrounds.
Of course, foreign language classes should not just make students memorise new words and sounds. They must also teach students about new cultures. Foreign language classes should be required to include lessons about history, literature, customs and government along with the languages themselves. These subjects will help students become better global citizens and support their studies in other subjects.
Making students study a foreign language doesn’t just sharpen their brains. It also helps students become productive members of today’s global society.