identify subordinating conjuctions

key notes:

1. What are Subordinating Conjunctions?

• Subordinating conjunctions are words that connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.
• They show the relationship between the two clauses, such as cause, time, condition, or contrast.

---

2. Common Subordinating Conjunctions

• Time: after, before, once, since, until, when, whenever, while
• Cause and Effect: because, since, as, so that
• Condition: if, unless, provided that, in case
• Contrast: although, though, even though, whereas, while
• Purpose: so that, in order that
• Comparison: than, as…as

---

3. Identifying Subordinating Conjunctions in Sentences

• A dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone.
• The independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.
• Example:
  • “Although it was raining, we went to the park.”
  • “Although it was raining” (dependent clause) + “we went to the park” (independent clause).

---

4. Sentence Structure with Subordinating Conjunctions

• Subordinating conjunction at the beginning:
  • “Since it was late, we went home.”
  • (Comma is used after the dependent clause.)
• Subordinating conjunction in the middle:
  • “We went home since it was late.”
  • (No comma is needed when the dependent clause comes second.)

---

5. Practice Exercise

Underline the subordinating conjunctions in these sentences:

1. I stayed inside because it was too cold.
2. She will wait until you arrive.
3. Though he was tired, he continued working.
4. We will go to the beach if the weather is nice.

let’s practice!